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The Baal Teshuva movement is a description of the return of secular Jews to religious Judaism. The term ''baal teshuva'' is from the Talmud, literally meaning "master of repentance".〔Lisa Aiken ''The baal teshuva survival guide'' 2009 p1 "Since the baal teshuva movement began in the 1960s, tens of thousands of Jews have become observant. The movement's effects were so noticeable by the 1980s that the New York Times, New York Magazine, the Baltimore Jewish Times, ..."〕 The term is used to refer to a worldwide phenomenon among the Jewish people.〔Dana Evan Kaplan ''Contemporary American Judaism: transformation and renewal'' 2009 "Some found it in a havurah and later in Jewish Renewal; others found it in the baal teshuva movement; ... Despite the fact that Jewish Renewal and the baal teshuva movement have different approaches, beliefs, and cultures,..."〕 It is distinct from the Jewish Renewal movement, which is not Orthodox.〔Shaul Magid article Jewish Renewal in ed. Mark Avrum Ehrlich ''Encyclopedia of the Jewish diaspora: origins, experiences, and culture: Volume 1'' 2009 Page 627 "It is important to note that although Renewal was fed by the Baal Teshuva movement (new returnees to Judaism) in the late 1960s ... The Baal Teshuva movement was a movement of disenchanted Diaspora and Israeli youth who turned back to ...〕〔Timothy Miller ''America's alternative religions'' 1995 Page 113 "The Baal Teshuva movement addressed these same issues. Men and women attracted to Orthodox Judaism articulated a vision of renewed selfhood. M. Herbert Danzger, studying this phenomenon, commented on the affinity between the ideals of ..."〕 It began during the mid-twentieth century, when large numbers of previously highly assimilated Jews chose to move in the direction of practicing Judaism. The spiritual and religious journey of those involved has brought them to become involved with all the Jewish denominations, the most far-reaching stage being when they choose to follow Orthodox Judaism and its branches such as Haredi Judaism and Hasidic Judaism. This movement has continued unabated until the present time and has been noted by scholars who have written articles and books about its significance to modern Jewish history. In response to this movement among the Jewish people there has been a corresponding response from the various Jewish denominations and rabbis, particularly from Orthodox Judaism, which calls its response ''kiruv'' or ''kiruv rechokim'' ("bringing close/er () distant ()") or ''keruv''. The terms "baal teshuva" (Hebrew: בעל תשובה) and ''kiruv'' are often linked together indicating that the subject about either Jews returning to traditional Judaism or the efforts and responses to it. Increased Reform Judaism outreach and Conservative Judaism outreach has propelled the movement, in additional to the growing "movement" of Post-Denominationalist Judaism. The baal teshuva movement has taken place wherever Jews live and in many different places under all sorts of varying circumstances: :The baal teshuva movement—returnees to traditional Jewish observance—is one of the most startling phenomena of Jewish life in the past 20 years. ''New York'' reports: :The people making this sweeping change in their life grew up in a secular world. They went to good colleges and got excellent jobs. They didn't become Orthodox because they were afraid, or because they needed a militaristic set of commands for living their lives. They chose Orthodoxy because it satisfied their need for intellectual stimulation and emotional security.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''Black Becomes a Rainbow'' (Feldheim Publishers) )〕 Therefore the baal teshuva movement, as a modern version of previous Jewish "national" and international movements cuts across all cultures, continents, and communities. The Jews of the former USSR have little in common with American hippies, and Israelis have little in common with South African or Australian Jews but in all those countries and their Jewish centers there are Baal teshuva communities that keep on sprouting up at all levels, in all professions and walks of life. The Baal teshuva movement and the events it encompasses received the attention of President Ronald Reagan in a speech to the B'nai B'rith in 1984 who quoted from the writings of Irving Kristol:
==Origins as a movement== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Baal teshuva movement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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